国务院新闻办公室新闻发布会材料 中医药事业发展现状与管理情况
（2004年10月8日）
国家中医药管理局
中医药事业发展现状
新中国成立55年来，在党和政府的关怀下，我国的中医药事业取得了长足的发展。
一、以中医医院为主体的中医医疗保健服务体系基本形成。目前，全国有中医医院2868所，中医类医院床位28万余张，中医执业医师（含助理医师）27万余人；大部分综合医院设立了中医科；2003年全国中医医院诊疗人次达2.06亿人次，综合医院中医科门诊人次达5636万人次。在社区，有89%的社区卫生服务中心和50%的社区卫生服务站提供中医药服务。为发挥中医药特色优势，目前全国建设了137所示范中医医院，161个重点专科（专病）。中医药既对一些慢性病、疑难病、老年性疾病、功能性疾病和病毒性疾病等有很好的疗效，同时在急性传染病的防治中也可以发挥作用。实践证明使用中医药治疗非典是安全的。中医药早期治疗艾滋病，可用于治疗机会性感染，调节免疫功能，减毒增效，提高病人的生存质量，同时，成本低，无明显的毒副作用。
二、农村中医工作得到加强。在农村，约70%的县建有中医院，70%的乡镇卫生院设有中医科，40%的乡村医生采用中医或中西医两种方法为患者治病。国家和地方积极开展农村中医工作先进县建设，近年，建成全国中医工作先进县113个、在建单位111个。国家中医药管理局为各地县级中医医院培训技术骨干3000名，为西部地区贫困县中医医院（含民族医医院）培养了600余名中医专科技术骨干人才。目前组织研究、整理中医临床诊疗技术216项，部分进入验收阶段，其中15项已通过鉴定，并积极组织向农村推广。对四川、湖南等8省启动了农村无学历乡村医生开展学历教育的试点工作，努力提高乡村医生的学历层次和业务水平。
三、中医药学术水平不断提高，科研成果大量涌现。据统计，全国现有独立的中医药科研机构100余所，科研专业技术人员1万余人。不少从事自然科学研究的院所、企业积极参与中医药科研，形成了行业内外结合、多学科参与、联合攻关的中医药科研格局。目前有国家级中医药药品非临床研究质量管理规范中心2个，药品临床试验管理规范中心7个，中药工程技术研究中心8个，国家中医药管理局中医药科研三级实验室138个和规范化药理实验室3个。初步建成了全国中医药科学数据资源共建、共享平台。在文献和基础研究方面，已整理、出版中医古籍600余种，近年来从国外影印回归200多种善本中医古籍；出版《中华本草》巨著，对8980种中药进行了全面、系统的整理、研究；国家重点基础研究发展计划 方剂关键科学问题的基础研究，对中药复方药效学物质基础及作用机理进行了深入研究，初步揭示了药物配伍的科学内涵；证候的规范及其与疾病、方剂相关的基础问题研究正在进行之中；我国制定的针灸经穴标准逐步得到世界的认可。在临床研究方面，对心脑血管疾病、肝病、肾病等疾病的治疗形成了比较成熟、规范可行的诊疗方案。十五以来，中医药成果获国家科学技术奖11项，其中血瘀证与活血化瘀研究获2003年国家科技进步一等奖。
四、中医药教育形成了现代化教育方式和师承教育相结合的教育网络，基本建立了多形式、多层次、多专业的中医药教育体系。目前，全国有高等中医药院校32所，中等中医药专科学校45所，中医药院校在校学生27万。全国有58所高等医学院校和综合性院校设置中医药院、系或专业，184所卫生学校开设中医药专业。中医药24个重点学科（78个建设点）已进入中期评估阶段。组织编写出版了新世纪中医药本科教材46门。开展中医药继续教育工作，以继承名老中医的学术思想、临床经验为目标，先后共确定老中医药专家1607人次，培养继承人2285人。启动了优秀中医临床人才研修项目，第一批在全国遴选了215名中青年临床学术骨干进行培训。
五、中西医结合工作取得新进展。目前，全国有中西医结合医院193所，中西医结合人员3万余人。多数综合医院也开展了中西医结合工作。为了探索最佳结合点和结合方式，重点建设了27个中西医结合专科和10所中西医结合医院。在北京、上海、广州等7所中医药大学，开展了7年制中医专业（中西医结合方向）的培养试点工作。组织编写了本科中西医结合教材。中西医结合治疗股骨头坏死的临床研究、通里攻下法在腹部外科疾病中的应用与基础研究等科研成果获国家科技进步二等奖。
六、民族医药得到进一步发掘整理提高。目前，全国有民族医医院157所，从业人员8000余人。通过考试，已有4683名民族医人员获得执业医师或执业助理医师资格。在一些综合医院和乡镇卫生院也设有民族医科。14个民族医专科（专病）被列为重点建设单位。部分民族药品种已进入国家基本医疗保险报销目录。全国有高等民族医药院校3所，藏、蒙、维3个民族医药学科被列为重点学科，编纂民族医药教材76门，其中已出版25门。研究完成了《中华本草（民族卷）》中藏药、蒙药、维药部分。组织开展对藏、蒙、维、傣等15个民族的60部民族医药文献进行整理，目前《布依族医药》、《彝族医药基础理论》、《中国回族医药》等30部著作的整理编辑工作已经完成。
七、中医药对外交流与合作日益增多，国际传播进一步扩大。
截至2004年9月，在我国与外国政府签订的双边、多边卫生协议中包含中医药条款的有49个，专门的中医药协议17个。据对全国28个省市中医药机构的统计，1998年至2002年，中国境外来访的传统医药方面的访问团组的批次，年均增长率20%；中医药派出团组批次，年均增长率超过6%。与世界卫生组织的合作促进了全球传统医学战略的制定和实施，世界卫生组织与我国合作建立的7个传统医学合作中心发挥了积极的影响。总部设在北京的世界针灸学会联合会现有43个国家和地区的77个中医药团体，世界中医药学会联合会现有48个国家和地区的138个中医药团体。据不完全统计,目前，在中国境外有中医医疗包括针灸机构5万多家，在当地注册针灸师超过10万人，中医师超过2万名。2003年的统计资料表明，全国高等中医药院校在校留学生3221名，居自然科学类中留学生人数的首位。下一步的工作思路和重点
一、中医药参与公共卫生体系建设
积极参与突发公共卫生事件应急体系建设，进一步提高中医药应对突发公共卫生事件的能力。把中医药纳入突发公共卫生事件医疗救治体系；建立应急中医药救治专业技术队伍和专家指导小组。加强人才培养与全员培训，注重中医与中西医结合防治传染病临床基地建设和中医医院急诊科建设，进一步提高重大疾病的中医药防治水平。
目前，我局已成立中医药防治艾滋病工作组织协调小组和专家组，制定了中医药防治艾滋病2004-2005年工作计划。组织开展了5省艾滋病中医药关怀治疗项目，现已开始对河南、河北等5省2300名艾滋病患者免费进行中医药治疗，组织开展中医药防治艾滋病的科学研究。整个工作要做到六个一，即落实一个工作计划，组织一批医疗、科研专项，组建一支专家队伍，建立一批医疗与科研基地，优化一个中医、中西医结合治疗方案，研制一批中药新药。
二、大力推进名院、名科、名医战略
继续实施名院、名科、名医战略，突出中医药优势特色。总结137所示范中医院的建设经验，在全国和各省建立一批服务质量高、医疗技术好、中医特色突出的名院。在总结161个重点专科（专病）建设经验基础上，在全国和各省建设一批中医药名科。在总结老中医药专家学术经验继承、优秀中医临床人才研修项目、基层中医药人员成才经验的基础上，培养一批名医。
三、中医药科技工作
加强中医现代化发展战略研究，进一步明确中医现代化的发展目标、基本思路、重点领域和主要任务，使中医现代化和中药现代化协调发展。进一步推进中医现代化科技发展工作，建立中医现代个体化诊疗体系、临床疗效评价和技术标准体系、中医研究方法体系和中医药数字化信息服务平台。与有关部门密切配合，继续贯彻落实《中药现代化发展纲要》，构建国家中药现代化创新体系，完善现代中药标准体系，加强中药研究开发条件建设，开发一批安全、可靠、疗效确定的中药新产品，形成具有市场竞争优势的现代中药产业。
四、农村中医药工作
加强西部地区农村县级中医医疗机构的基础建设，加强乡镇卫生院中医科的建设，按照有关要求，配置相关设施。落实农村初级卫生保健中医药指标。开展全国农村中医医疗机构中医特色专科（专病）建设，第一批启动200个。组织向农村推广百项中医药特色诊疗技术。加强对农村现有卫生技术人员和中医药人员的培训，使村卫生室中以中医知识为主或掌握中西医两种知识和技术的乡村医生达到70%。抓好发挥中医药作用的新型农村合作医疗的试点工作，总结经验，印发《关于充分发挥中医药在新型农村合作医疗试点工作中作用的意见》。
五、加强法制化建设和标准化工作
全面贯彻施行《中华人民共和国中医药条例》，制订《中医药条例》配套文件和相关标准。加强对中医医疗机构准入，中医执业人员准入，医疗气功机构、人员准入的管理。将中医药执法纳入卫生监督执法体系中。制定《中医药标准化建设规划》，初步构建现代中医药标准体系，以临床技术操作规范和疾病治疗指南为重点，开展一批中医药标准化项目，拟定和制定一批中医药国家标准和行业标准。进一步加强市场监管，规范中医医疗行为，提高中医医疗质量和服务水平。
六、中医药对外交流与合作
实施走出去战略，积极鼓励和支持中医药对外办医办学，扩大中医药在国际上的传播面；加强中医药标准规范在国际上的宣传和推广，提高中医药对外交流与合作的质量和水平，保持我国在世界传统医药界的领先地位；加强与世界卫生组织等国际组织及政府间的交流与合作，进一步拓宽中医药的民间交流。
附讲话英文版Material for the press conference of the State Council Information OfficeThe Current Situation of the Development and Management of Traditional Chinese Medicine
October8,2004State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Under the care and support of Chinese Communist Party and the government,the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)service has made substantial progress for the past55years since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China,
I.The Medical and Health Care Service System has been formed with the hospital of TCM as the main resources.At the present,there are2,868hospitals of TCM in China with280,000beds with different types.There are270,000licensed practitioners of TCM(including the assistant doctors); the majority of the general hospitals are deployed with the TCM units.In2003alone,there were206million time/visit to the TCM hospitals,while56.36million visits were made to the TCM units in the General hospitals,At the community level,89%of the community health centers and50%of the community health stations provide TCM service.In order to give the full play of the advantage of TCM,137demonstration hospitals and116key special units(diseases)were established.TCM can provide effective treatments not only to the chronic and difficult diseases and those for the elderly,of functional problems and caused by virus,but also can play certain role for the acute and infectious diseases.
The practice showed that the treatment of TCM to SARS were safe and quite effective.The application of TCM to AIDS cases at early stage can treat the opportunist infection,regulate the immune function,regulate the immune function,reduce the toxicity,enhance the effectiveness of treatment and upgrade the living quality of the patients.In the meantime,the cost of the medicine is low and obvious side effect is not common.
II.The TCM service in the rural areas was enhanced.In the rural,about70%of the township health centers established the TCM units,40%of the village doctors use TCM or both TCM and western medicine to treat the diseases.The country and the localities actively promote the construction of advanced TCM counties.In the recent years,113advanced TCM counties and111advanced institutes were constructed.3000key technical staff was trained for the country hospitals,while600key technical staff of TCM for the west part of the country.Furthermore,216clinical diagnosis techniques are under research and identification,among which,some projects have enter the period of the evaluation,15were passed the evaluation and promoted to the rural.The pilot scheme for the certification education for the TCM staff that did not have formal education diploma in the countryside is conducted in8provinces to upgrade the technical standard and educational level for TCM health workers in the countryside.
III.The academic level of TCM is upgraded continuously and the scientific and technological accomplishments are produced.According to the statistics,there are more than1000independent Institutes for the research of TCM at the country level with10,000researchers.Quite a lot of universities,institutes and enterprises which are engaged in the natural sciences also take an active part in the research in the field of TCM,by so doing the situation of integration between the inside and outside of the TCM professional organizations,participation by multi disciplines and joint efforts to make breakthrough have been made.Now,there are2GMP centers for non-clinical research on medical products,7GMP centers for the medical products,8centers for the TCM Engineering technology,138labs of TCM supported by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(SATCM),and3labs for the standardlized pharmacology.Now the platform for the scientific data of TCM has been jointly established and shared.600ancient documents were compiled and printed after research on the literatures and basic study,200copies of sole ancient books of TCM were brought back to the country from foreign countries.The great work“BencaoGang mu”(compendium of material medical)was published to the public.8980kinds of herbal medicine were compiled and studied with a comprehensive and systematic manner.“The basic study on the key scientific issues of the prescriptions and formulas”,a priority research of the national basic research project has conducted profound study on the materials of the compounds and their roles,and explore the primary components
For the matching of the different medicines.The subject on the standardization of symptoms and conditions and the relevant relations with the diseases,and the prescription is under the intensive study.The acupuncture point location standardization is recognized by the world as a whole.In the clinical research,the treatments on vascular and cerebra vascular diseases,liver conditions and kidney diseases have formed quite mature,standardized and feasible protocols.Since the10th five year plan,11accomplishments on TCM were rewarded with the national scientific and technological award,among which,the project on blood stasis and promotion of the blood circulation and remove the stasis were rewarded for the first class progress award in2003.
IV.The TCM education has formed the educational network for the integration of modern educational system and master to student pattern study with different forms,levels and disciplines.Currently,there are32universities and colleges of TCM.8general universities have the TCM school or department,184professional medical school set up TCM curriculum.24key subjects(78construction spots)are undergoing the mid term review.46subjects of the teaching materials are prepared and published.Continuing education is organized; inheriting the academic experience of the senior experts arranged.1607senior experts are identified respectively and2285inheritiors are being trained.The project of continuing education for the excellent clinicians of TCM is implemented for the training of the future excellent doctors.The first group is selected consisting of215doctors.
V.The progress is made in the field of integration of TCM and western medicine.At present,there are193hospitals of integration of TCM and western medicines and30,000health workers in this field.The priority is given to the construction of10hospitals of integration of TCM with western medicine,and27units of this kind in order to find best practice for the integration point and method.The pilot schemes are carried out for the7years schooling for the training of professional with the TCM and western medicine educational knowledge in7universities of TCM in Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou etc.,in the meantime,the teaching materials are prepared for the undergraduate students on the subjects of integration of TCM and western medicine.The clinical study on the treatment of thighbone head putrescence and the application and basic study on the abdominal operation by purgation were rewarded the2nd grade award of science and technology progress.
VI.The ethnic medicine is further exploited,upgraded and compiled.There are157hospitals of ethnic medicines in China with8,000health workers.Through national examination,4683health workers in the field of ethic medicine obtained license for the medical practice.Some general hospitals are also equipped with the ethnic medicine units.14ethnic medicine specialty units are listed as the priority units for further development.Some ethic medicines have entered the reimbursement list of the national basic medical insurance scheme.There are3universities of Ethnic Medicine in the country and Tibet,Mongolia,and Uigur medicines are listed as the key subjects,76topics of ethnic medicine have been prepared,25of which have been published.The charters on the Tibet,Mongolia and Uigur medicines in the national compendium of material medical are completed.60medical literatures form the15ethnics were compiled,including the literatures form Tibet,Mongolia,Uigur and the Thai.Currently,30books such as Medicine of the Buyi,Basic Theory of Yi Ethnic Medicine and the Hui Medicine in China were compiled and completed.
VII.Further growth of the international cooperation in the field of TCM and the expansion of the international dissemination of TCM.By September2004,there were49items in the multi lateral and bilateral agreements with the foreign governments in the field of medicine were relevant to the TCM,while there are17agreements dedicated to TCM.According to the statistics of TCM institutes in28provinces,from1998to2002,there was a20%growth of delegations and groups from foreign countries or outside the mainland in the field of TCM,at the same time,there was an increase of6%for the outgoing delegations.With the cooperation of WHO,the global and regional strategy of TCM were promoted for the formulation and implementation.7WHO collaborating centers for TCM have played active roles.The world Federation of Acupuncture Societies headquartered in Beijing now has77TCM societies from43countries and areas.The World Federation of Traditional Chinese Medicine also established its headquarter in Beijing,owners138members from48countries and areas.According the incomplete statistics,there are50,000health service and care setups in the field of TCM including acupuncture outside the mainland China.There are100,000registered acupuncturists and20,000TCM practitioners.According to the statistic of2003,there were3221students from overseas to study in the university and college of TCM,which occupied the No.1among all natural sciences in terms of the number of the students.
Way of Thinking and the Priorities in the Future
I.Participation of TCM to the Public Health System Construction
TCM should take an active part in Emergency Response System of the Public Health Construction.The capability of TCM to response the urgent Public Health events should be further enhanced,TCM should be integrated to the Response System for emergent Public Health events,therefore,the professional teams and experts counseling panel for the urgent medical problems should be established.The professional and universal training should be provided,and attention should be given to the construction of the clinical base for the integrated treatment of TCM and western medicine,and the establishment of Emergency Unit in the TCM hospitals,therefore to further upgrade the standards for the prevention and control of the major diseases.
Now the SATCM has set up coordinating group and expert counseling panel on the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS,organized treatment and care program and implemented“six-one project”,namely:one plan should be realized,one medical and research project should be organized,one experts team should be formed,one medical and research center should be set up,one protocol for the treatment by TCM as well as by the integration of TCM with western medicine should be selected,and one batch of new drug of TCM should be developed.
II.To promote the Strategy of hospitals,units and doctors with high profile
We will continuously promote the strategy of hospitals,units and doctors with excellent reputations.On the foundation of the summing up the construction experiences of137demonstrative TCM hospitals,we are going to set up a group of hospitals with excellent reputations and high quality,good medical skill and special characteristics of TCM.While on the foundation of the experience of161key special units and diseases,we plan to set up a batch of high profile units at the national level and provincial level.On the foundation of summing up and inheriting the experiences of the senior TCM doctors,and the training experiences of the TCM health workers at the grass root level,we are going to nurture a batch of doctors with high reputation.
III.Research work of TCM
We are going to strengthen the strategic study on the modernization of TCM and further identify the goal,way of thinking,priority areas and main task for the development of TCM modernization,therefore to push forward the coordinated development of modernization of TCM practice and herbal medicine.We should further promote the science and technology modernization of TCM,to establish the individual diagnosis and treatment system by modernized TCM,the system on the clinical treatment result evaluation and technical norms,and to construct the platform for sharing the methodology and the digital information.We will work together with the relevant departments to implement continuously the Frame Work for the Development of Modernization of TCM,to construct the modernized and creative new system,to refine the standardization system and enhance the favorable condition for the development of new TCM drugs,therefore,a batch of safe,reliable and effective medicine will be discovered and to form a modernized TCM industry with competitive advantage in the market.
IV.TCM service in the rural areas
We should strengthen the basic facility for the country TCM hospitals in western region; enhance the capacity building of the TCM unit in township hospitals and provide the necessary equipments according to the relevant requirements.Guideline of traditional Chinese medicine will be prepared for primary health care system.Specific departments(for treating specific diseases)of TCM in medical units in rural area should be constructed; accordingly,200special units are going to be established as the first group.One hundred special treatment methods of traditional Chinese medicine will be promoted in the rural areas.The training for the existing rural health technicians and Chinese medicine practitioners will be strengthened ; therefore,70%of the rural doctors in the village clinic can master the knowledge of TCM as the main method or both the TCM and western medicine.Experience should be summed up and Suggestions and Recommendations on the Pilot Project of Establishment of Comprehensive Function of TCM In the New Collective Medicine Scheme in the Countryside will be printed and disseminated.
V.Strengthen the work on legalization and standardization of TCM
We should implement comprehensively the Regulations on TCM of P.R.China,and formulate relevant documents and criterions.Accession of TCM facilities,TCM practitioners,medical qigong,and health workers to the health system should be further managed.The enforcement of the regulation on TCM should be integrated into the health supervision and law enforcement.We are going to formulate the TCM strategy on Standardization and to set up modernized standard of TCM.We are going to implement the projects on standardization of TCM,propose and formulate a batch of national standards and criterion of TCM based on standard clinical technique practice and guidance for the treatment of diseases so as to further strengthen the supervision of the market,regulate the practice of TCM and upgrade the treatment quality and service.
VI.External exchanges and cooperation
Strategy of reaching out will be implemented.The active encouragement and support should be provided to the running of the medical services and edubational program outside the mainland China,and the proportion of TCM professionals working in the medical team to assist the foreign countries should be further extended,the coverage of international dissemination of the TCM should be enlarged and the norms of TCM should be publicized and promoted,and the level and the quality of international cooperation and exchanges should be further upgraded so as to protect the leading status of the country in the field of TCM.The cooperation with WHO and other international organizations and governments as well as NGO should be further strengthened,and people to people cooperation and exchanges should be broadened.
